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How to Select Between Electric and Diesel Fire Pumps

Discover the key differences between electric and diesel fire pumps to choose the right option based on reliability, power source, cost, and compliance.

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When designing a fire protection system, one of the most important decisions is choosing between an electric fire pump and a diesel fire pump. Both have their strengths and are compliant with NFPA 20 standards, but each is better suited for different environments and facility needs. This article will help you evaluate the pros and cons of each to make the best decision for your building.


1. Understand the Basic Difference

  • Electric Fire Pump: Powered by an electric motor connected to a reliable power source.

  • Diesel Fire Pump: Powered by a diesel engine with a fuel tank and battery system.

Both types are used in fire protection systems to ensure water is delivered at the necessary pressure and flow during an emergency.


2. Evaluate Power Supply Availability

  • If your building has a stable and reliable electrical grid, an electric fire pump is often more practical.

  • In areas prone to power outages, especially during natural disasters, a diesel fire pump offers independent operation without needing backup electricity.

According to NFPA 20, if the electric power supply is not deemed “reliable,” a backup source (like a diesel pump) must be provided.


3. Consider Installation and Operating Costs

  • Electric Pumps:

    • Lower initial cost

    • Lower maintenance and simpler setup

    • Lower noise levels

  • Diesel Pumps:

    • Higher initial cost (engine, tank, exhaust, etc.)

    • Requires regular fuel refills and maintenance

    • Requires more space for ventilation and fuel storage

Although diesel pumps may cost more, they are necessary in many critical applications where electrical reliability cannot be guaranteed.


4. Review Space and Ventilation Needs

  • Electric fire pumps are compact and require less mechanical infrastructure.

  • Diesel fire pumps need more space for:

    • Fuel storage

    • Engine ventilation

    • Exhaust routing

    • Battery charging stations

This can affect building layout, especially in tight pump rooms or retrofitted buildings.


5. Assess Maintenance Requirements

  • Electric motors have fewer moving parts and require less frequent maintenance.

  • Diesel engines need:

    • Regular fuel checks

    • Battery inspections

    • Oil and coolant replacement

    • Monthly and annual engine tests

Facility teams must be trained to maintain diesel systems properly.


6. Check Compliance and Local Code Requirements

Some jurisdictions mandate diesel pumps in specific building types (e.g., hospitals, data centers, high-rises) where emergency readiness is critical. Always consult with:

  • Local fire protection engineers

  • AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction)

  • NFPA 20 guidelines


7. Use Cases and Recommendations

Building Type Recommended Fire Pump
Urban Office Building Electric (if reliable grid)
Remote Industrial Facility Diesel (power may be unreliable)
Hospital or Data Center Diesel or Dual Power Source
Shopping Mall with Generator Electric + Generator backup

Conclusion

Choosing between electric and diesel fire pumps is not a one-size-fits-all decision. It depends on your power infrastructure, budget, building layout, and compliance requirements. Understanding the advantages of each option will help you make an informed, code-compliant, and reliable choice for your fire protection system.

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    More Fire Pump Set

    Fire pumps are classified into various types based on their specific applications and operational characteristics. The common classifications of fire pumps include:

    Horizontal Split Case Fire Pumps: These pumps have a horizontally split casing, which allows easy access to internal components for maintenance and repairs. They are typically used in large-scale fire protection systems, such as industrial facilities, commercial buildings, and high-rise structures. Horizontal split case pumps are known for their high flow rates and can handle a wide range of pressures.

    Vertical Turbine Fire Pumps: Vertical turbine pumps have a vertical shaft and are designed to operate with submerged impellers. These pumps are commonly used in water sources such as wells, rivers, or lakes. Vertical turbine fire pumps are ideal for locations where space is limited, as they have a small footprint. They are also suitable for applications that require high pressures but lower flow rates.

    Vertical Inline Fire Pumps: Vertical inline pumps have a vertical design with the motor located above the impeller. These pumps are compact and space-saving, making them suitable for installations where floor space is limited. Vertical inline fire pumps are commonly used in commercial and industrial applications, such as office buildings, hospitals, and manufacturing facilities.

    End Suction Fire Pumps: End suction pumps have a single impeller mounted on the end of the shaft. They are widely used in various applications, including fire protection systems. These pumps are known for their simplicity, ease of maintenance, and cost-effectiveness. End suction fire pumps are typically used in smaller buildings, residential properties, and light commercial applications.

    Multistage Fire Pumps: Multistage pumps consist of multiple impellers arranged in series. Each impeller adds pressure to the water, allowing these pumps to deliver high pressures. Multistage fire pumps are suitable for applications that require high-pressure delivery, such as high-rise buildings, industrial plants, and sprinkler systems with demanding pressure requirements.

    Diesel-Driven Fire Pumps: Diesel-driven fire pumps are powered by diesel engines, providing a reliable source of power in situations where electricity may be unavailable or unreliable. These pumps are commonly used in remote locations, off-grid areas, and critical infrastructure where continuous operation is essential. Diesel-driven fire pumps are known for their durability and ability to deliver high flow rates and pressures.

    It’s important to note that these classifications are not exhaustive, and variations of fire pumps exist within each category. The choice of fire pump classification depends on factors such as system requirements, available space, flow rates, pressure requirements, and power sources. Consulting with fire protection experts or system designers can help determine the most suitable fire pump classification for a specific application.